Mobile phones have increasingly become tools that consumers use for banking, payments, budgeting, and shopping. Given the rapid pace of developments in the area of mobile finance, the Federal Reserve Board began conducting annual surveys of consumers’ use of mobile financial services in 2011. This 78-page report, “Consumers and Mobile Financial Services” (March, 2015) examines trends in the adoption and use of mobile banking, payments, and shopping behavior and how the emergence of mobile financial services affects consumers’ interaction with financial institutions.
Banking the Unbanked: Mobile Financial Services Could Benefit 2 Billion People, Says Report
According to a recent report by the Boston Consulting Group, introducing mobile financial services to the “unbanked” could have a positive effect on more than 2 billion people.
The study named “Socio-economic impact of mobile financial services” also shows that economic inequality in Malaysia could be reduced by five percent and become roughly equivalent to that of Canada today. In the developing world, more than 2.5 billion adults – or approximately 72 percent of the population – are unbanked, meaning they have no access to traditional financial services like banks. At the same time, nearly 2.5 billion people in these same emerging economies have mobile phones. This means that there could be up to 2 billion mobile phone users who are currently unbanked that could be served through mobile financial services. Overall in the five countries covered in the study, mobile financial services has the potential to reduce financial exclusion by five to 20 percent through 2020 and increase GDP by up to five percent. [Read more…]
Banking the Unbanked: Report Examines Mobile Banking in Emerging Markets
World Economic Forum, prepared in collaboration with The Boston Consulting Group.
Despite the broad awareness that mobile financial services can serve as a means for “banking the unbanked” on a global basis, widespread adoption has yet to be achieved, according to the Mobile Financial Services Development Report 2011, a new report released by the World Economic Forum and The Boston Consulting Group. According to the report, to meet the financial needs of underserved populations, most countries—even those that have achieved scale with mobile money transfer—should focus on the flexibility of regulatory provisions for nonbank players, the competitiveness of market structures, and the strengthening of financial literacy skills of individuals.
The report provides a comprehensive analysis of more than 100 variables across 20 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It measures the critical factors necessary to achieve meaningful scale of mobile financial services and meet the needs of billions excluded from the formal economy, and notes that the adoption of mobile financial services is currently confined to a few countries where, historically, access to financial services has been constrained and the scope of services limited to mobile money transfer. The findings suggest that financial services such as savings, credit, and microinsurance are only now becoming available and that regulatory environments, market competitiveness, and financial literacy of end users all need to be collaboratively addressed before meaningful scale can be achieved.
Countries such as Kenya and the Philippines are among the few covered by the report that have achieved adoption levels of more than 10 percent of the total adult population. A defining characteristic of these countries is a dense network of agents—retail access points where it is possible to register account holders and handle cash transactions. However, as these countries look to achieve scale in mobile financial services other than payments, it will be critical for them to focus on factors such as government disbursements through the mobile platform, the competitiveness of their financial and telecom sectors, and better data collection and monitoring to facilitate “test and learn” approaches.
“Including millions in the formal economy by providing them with tools to transact and save can have strong positive economic and social benefits,” said Marc Vos, a partner in The Boston Consulting Group’s Technology, Media & Telecommunications practice. “But public and private stakeholders must first get the basics right: solid and efficient distribution networks close to the consumer, and regulations that combine openness to innovation with protection of consumers and broader financial stability.”
In terms of the array of enabling factors covered in the report, several countries, such as Brazil and India, demonstrate areas of relative strength when compared with countries that have already achieved scale in mobile payments. The ability to leverage existing agent networks and consumer protection in Brazil may facilitate the development of more complex financial services through the mobile platform. The widespread availability of mobile phones within India, the degree of competition within its telecom sector, and recent regulatory changes may drive dramatic improvements in adoption levels.
Estimates of the levels of adoption of mobile financial services in the 20 countries surveyed were compiled through an analysis of deployments done in collaboration with the GSMA Development Fund. A survey of regulators, conducted jointly with the Alliance for Financial Inclusion, provided data on regulations specific to mobile financial services. Data from a number of secondary sources such as the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor were also integrated into the analysis. The report contains a profile for each country featured in the study, including a summary of the relative advantages and disadvantages within its mobile financial-services ecosystem, as well as an extensive listing of data tables showing results for each variable used in the country profiles. The data set is available for download and can also be analyzed online with other World Economic Forum data sets for deeper and customized analysis.
Some report highlights:
- Few countries have achieved meaningful scale in mobile money transfer—mobile savings and credit services are still in the initial stages of development.
- Dense agent networks are characteristic of countries that have achieved scale in baseline mobile money-transfer services.
- Government disbursements through the mobile platform, continued cooperation and innovation among industry sectors, and improvements in the quality of data sharing are opportunities to help unlock growth.
More information: Mobile Financial Services Development Report 2011
Source: Boston Consulting Group (BCG)
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